510).Īn MLA in-text citation includes only the author’s last name and a page number.
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Punctuation marks such as periods and commas are placed after the citation, not within the quotation marks. In a narrative citation, you name the author in your sentence (followed by the year), and place the page number after the quote. In a parenthetical citation, you place all the information in parentheses after the quote. If the quote appears on a single page, use “p.” if it spans a page range, use “pp.”Īn APA in-text citation can be parenthetical or narrative. To cite a direct quote in APA, you must include the author’s last name, the year, and a page number, all separated by commas. Three of the most common styles are APA, MLA, and Chicago. This looks slightly different depending on the citation style you’re using. Minor usesįinally, you will have noticed that a colon is also used in time measurements, ratios, citations of biblical passages (and some other texts), and in titles:Īt 12:55 a.m., I finished my thesis paper, titled “Watt is Wrong With You?: Decreasing Abilities in Light Bulb Installation.How to cite a quote in APA, MLA and ChicagoĮvery time you quote, you must cite the source correctly. Whatever you choose to do, make sure you’re consistent. Please note that the independent clause after the colon may be capitalized (e.g., compare This and they in the examples). The Bogomils were Gnostic dualists: they believed that all earthly matter was evil, but that the spirit or soul was divine. Swimmers and rock climbers like to know whether their arm span is longer than their body length: This measurement is called the “ape index.” However, if the second clause is more specific than the first, or if it explains what came before, then you may want to use a colon: If you want to join together two independent clauses without using a conjunction, the most common method is to use a semi-colon. I will show the nations your nakedness and the kingdoms your shame’” (Nahum 3:5).Īs the last example shows, you can put a colon before the quotation if you’ve introduced it with an independent clause. The minister suggested the following text for our wedding: “‘I am against you,’ declares the LORD Almighty. Stephen Leacock once quipped, “Many a man in love with a dimple makes the mistake of marrying the whole girl.” Compare the following examples:īernard called the accusations “preposterous.” Quotations are normally preceded by a comma or a colon, if they are not simply merged with the writer’s own words. There is no need for a colon here because the introductory clause cannot stand by itself as a complete sentence. Incorrect: The title of his dissertation was: “In Every Orifice: The Origins of the Thermometer.” That’s why the following example is incorrect:
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Make sure, though, that you have an independent clause before the colon. In the first example, “nasal singing” specifies what the “worst feature” is in the second example, “a remote car-starter” clarifies what is meant by the “one thing.” You know there’s one thing I could really use this winter: a remote car-starter. Why is it that artists like Jake Bugg or “The Tallest Man on Earth” imitate Bob Dylan’s worst feature: nasal singing? You can use a colon at the end of a sentence to introduce a concluding appositive:
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Before appositivesĪn appositive is a noun or noun phrase that renames an earlier noun phrase. None of these three examples requires a colon. J, Dominique Wilkins, LeBron James, or Blake Griffin. If you want to see some great dunks, check out videos of Dr.
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Her playlist includes music by “The Hot Club of Cowtown,” Johann Sebastian Bach, and “Phosphorescent.” My three favourite pizza toppings are pepperoni, pineapple, and spinach. In the following examples, no colon is needed because the initial clause is not independent, but merges with the list to form a complete sentence: It’s important to check that what comes before the colon is actually an independent clause. I have only a few things on my bucket list: visiting New Zealand, learning to quilt, and having my brain transplanted to a younger body. The platypus has some unusual features: the female lays eggs (despite being a mammal), the male can defend itself with a poisonous venom, and every platypus can sense electric fields. Before listsĪ colon is often used before a list or series: Between independent clauses if the second summarizes or explains the first.